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DC Motors & Motor Driver | NexaLearn IoT Lab | NexaLearn

Motors30 دقيقة

DC Motors & Motor Driver

How to build a robot car and why we need the L298N.

Lesson Content

A DC motor spins continuously and reverses direction when you reverse battery polarity. Golden rule: Never connect a DC motor directly to Arduino pins! Arduino can supply max 20mA, while a motor may draw 500mA or more, instantly burning the pin. The solution is to use a Motor Driver like L298N, which receives weak control signals from Arduino and opens a gate for the strong battery current to flow to the motor.

Components Needed

Arduino UnoMotor Driver L298NDC Motorبطارية 9V أو 18650

Wiring Notes

9V battery goes into the 12V terminal of L298N. Connect L298N's GND to Arduino's GND (very important). Motor wires to OUT1 and OUT2. Control pins IN1 and IN2 to Arduino pins 8 and 9.

Code Example

const int in1 = 8;
const int in2 = 9;
void setup() {
  pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(in1, HIGH); digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // دوران يمين
  delay(2000);
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW); digitalWrite(in2, LOW); // توقف
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW); digitalWrite(in2, HIGH); // دوران يسار
  delay(2000);
}

Common Mistakes

Not connecting the shared GND wire between L298N and Arduino. Without this common ground, the control signals won't be understood and motors will spin randomly or not at all.

Next Lesson

LCD Display (I2C)